Not in transfer rate, but it could help hugely with seek-intensive IO
loads (since seeks are instantaneous on flash or other solid-state
drives). In theory, they could be of immense benefit for databases and
seek-intensive operations on file systems, but the limited bulk transfer
rates and relatively small sizes (for decent money) currently prevent
their wide-spread use.
It would be logical to use a limited size SSD for something like a file
system journal for a large file system, except that these kind of
journals are usually not seek-intensive :)
If a NVRAM or SSD, or other technology presents the drive as a (S)ATA
drive, there's no reason it shouldn't.